Citroen Traction Avant (7 - 1934-41) (11- 1934-57) (15/6 1938-1957)
The Citroën Traction Avant, launched in 1934, was nothing short of a revolution—a bold leap into the future at a time when most cars still clung to pre-war engineering. Its concept and intention were rooted in André Citroën’s vision to leapfrog the competition and redefine automotive design and production.
🚀 Visionary Purpose
Technological Showcase: Citroën aimed to consolidate the most advanced technologies of the era into a single, mass-produced car.
Market Disruption: It was designed to give Citroën a two-year lead over rivals and counteract the effects of the global economic downturn.
Brand Reinvention: The Traction Avant was intended to relaunch Citroën’s image as a forward-thinking innovator, following the decline of its Rosalie models.
🧠 Engineering Breakthroughs
Front-Wheel Drive: The name “Traction Avant” literally means “front traction”—it was one of the first mass-produced cars to feature front-wheel drive, improving handling and interior space.
Monocoque Construction: It pioneered unitary body construction, eliminating the separate chassis and reducing weight while increasing rigidity.
Hydraulic Brakes: A first in European mass production, offering superior stopping power and safety.
Independent Suspension: Torsion bar suspension on all four wheels delivered unmatched ride comfort and road holding.
🧪 Design and Development
Rapid Prototyping: Developed in just 18 months by André Lefèbvre and Flaminio Bertoni, with input from Budd Company’s unibody expertise.
Aerodynamic Styling: Its low-slung silhouette and streamlined body were inspired by the Streamline Moderne movement, making it visually and functionally ahead of its time.
Crash Resilience: Early crash tests involved driving it off a cliff to prove the strength of its monocoque shell.
📈 Commercial and Cultural Impact
Mass Appeal: Over 760,000 units were produced across various body styles and engine configurations.
Global Reach: Built in France, Belgium, Germany, Denmark, and the UK—with Slough-built models tailored to British tastes.
Cultural Icon: Nicknamed Reine de la Route (“Queen of the Road”), it became synonymous with French resistance fighters, gangsters, and post-war reconstruction.
🧩 Legacy and Influence
Blueprint for Modern Cars: Its combination of front-wheel drive, monocoque construction, and advanced suspension laid the groundwork for virtually all modern car designs.
Precursor to the DS: The Traction Avant served as a testbed for Citroën’s hydropneumatic suspension, later perfected in the DS.
The Traction Avant wasn’t just a car—it was a manifesto. A declaration that comfort, safety, and innovation could coexist in a mass-market vehicle.
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Comprehensive Vehicle Information Overview
Overview
The Citroen Traction Avant, produced in various models between 1934 and 1957, was a revolutionary vehicle known for its front-wheel-drive layout and monocoque construction. It was aimed at a wide range of buyers, from families to professionals, offering a blend of innovation, comfort, and performance. The Traction Avant was highly regarded for its advanced technology and distinctive design.
Common Faults
Mechanical Issues: Common problems included engine and transmission issues, particularly with the manual gearbox.
Bodywork: The Traction Avant was prone to rust, especially in the wheel arches and underbody.
Electrical Failures: Electrical gremlins were not uncommon, affecting various systems including the dashboard and lighting.
Recalls: There were several manufacturer advisories and recalls, mainly related to the suspension and braking systems.
Manufacturing Details
First Manufactured: The Citroen Traction Avant was first manufactured in 1934.
Location: It was produced in Citroen's factory in Paris, France.
Production Run: The production of the Traction Avant continued until 1957.
Generations and Trim Levels
Generations: The Traction Avant did not have multiple generations but received several updates during its production run.
Trim Levels: Various trim levels were available, including the 7, 11, and 15/6 models, each offering different features and equipment levels.
Designer and Dimensions
Lead Designer: The Traction Avant was designed by André Lefèbvre and Flaminio Bertoni.
Exterior Dimensions: Length - 4,450 mm, Width - 1,620 mm, Height - 1,520 mm, Wheelbase - 2,910 mm.
Interior Space: The boot capacity was generous, and the seating configuration was designed for comfort.
Favoured Colour
Popular Colours: The Traction Avant was often seen in black, which was popular among collectors and enthusiasts.
Sales Success
Production and Sales Figures: The Traction Avant saw significant success, with total production numbers reaching over 750,000 units.
Milestones: It received several awards for its innovative design and engineering.
Historical Pricing Comparisons
Launch Price: The original launch price was competitive for its segment.
Price Changes: Prices varied across updates, with later models being more expensive due to additional features.
Comparison to Rivals: At launch, the Traction Avant was priced similarly to its main competitors but offered unique features like the front-wheel-drive layout.
Market Rivals: New Price and Performance
Competitors: Main rivals included the Peugeot 402 and Renault Primaquatre.
Performance Comparison: The Traction Avant offered competitive acceleration and top speed figures, with a focus on comfort and handling.
Engine Specifications
Engine Types: The Traction Avant was equipped with a range of engines, including a 1.3L, 1.9L, and 2.9L inline-four engine.
Power and Torque: It produced between 32 hp and 77 hp, depending on the engine variant.
Technical Highlights: The engine featured advanced technology for its time, including overhead valves and a wet liner design.
Performance
Acceleration: 0-60 mph in approximately 20 seconds.
Top Speed: Around 80 mph.
Fuel Economy: Official figures were respectable, though real-world consumption was higher.
Handling: The front-wheel-drive layout provided excellent handling and stability.
Historical Advertisements & Marketing Strategy
Advertising Campaigns: The Traction Avant was marketed as a revolutionary and innovative vehicle.
Key Messages: Emphasized its front-wheel-drive layout and advanced technology.
Promotional Events: Featured in various motor shows and promotional events.
Rarity & Collector’s Appeal
Surviving Examples: A significant number of Traction Avant models remain, making it a popular classic.
Factors Contributing to Rarity: High production numbers and strong collector interest.
Collector Interest: High, with strong auction results for well-preserved examples.
Number Recorded in the UK in 2025
Registration Statistics: Specific numbers for the UK are limited, but it remains a common sight among classic car enthusiasts.
Target Age Group
Demographic: Initially targeted at a wide range of buyers, with interest from classic car enthusiasts growing over time.
Changes Over Time: The target market has shifted to collectors and enthusiasts.
Influence of the Target Age Group
Buyer Preferences: Influenced design and marketing strategies, focusing on innovation and comfort.
Community and Culture: A strong community of Traction Avant owners and enthusiasts has developed.
Production Bin Engineering
Innovations: The Traction Avant featured several manufacturing innovations, including its front-wheel-drive layout and monocoque construction.
Shared Components: Shared some components with other Citroen models.
Key Suppliers: Collaborated with various suppliers for parts and technology.
Where to Locate Spares
OEM Parts Suppliers: Original parts are available from specialist suppliers.
Specialist Breakers: Enthusiast groups and online forums are good sources for parts.
Online Forums: Active communities provide support and advice.
Racing History
Motorsport Participation: The Traction Avant had limited involvement in motorsport but was respected for its performance.
Special Editions: Some special editions were produced for homologation purposes.
Value in the UK in 2025
Current Price Range: Prices vary depending on condition and provenance.
Factors Influencing Value: Rarity, condition, and historical significance.
Investment Assessment
Value Growth: The Traction Avant has seen steady growth in value over time.
Future Trends: Experts predict continued interest and value appreciation.
Maintenance Costs: Running costs can be high due to the complexity of the front-wheel-drive layout and monocoque construction.
Owners Clubs in Northern Ireland
Relevant Clubs: Several clubs exist, providing a community for owners.
Contact Information: Available through enthusiast websites and forums.
Community Events: Regular rallies and shows are organized.